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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(5): 735-741, oct. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351044

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study assessed the causes of visual impairment over a decade in Buenos Aires City. This is a retrospective case series where we reviewed the database of visual disability certificates issued by the Buenos Aires City Ministry of Health between 2009 and 2017. In Argentina, visual disability is defined as a visual acuity ≤ 20/200 in the better eye, or a corresponding visual field of less than 20 degrees in the less impaired eye. The database included the following variables: year of issue, age, gender, and cause of visual disability. Between 2009 and 2017 a total of 7656 subjects were certified as legally blind. The mean age of the sample was 57 ± 21 years and 52.1% were females. The emission was near 700 certificates per year. The age distribution showed that 62.8% of certificates were from patients older than 50 years and that only 6.6% were given to subjects under 20. The leading causes of visual disability in Buenos Aires City were age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) with a rate of 15.5%, degenerative myopia (14.4%), primary open-angle glaucoma (11.3%) and diabetic retinopathy (6.6%). In subjects younger than 50, degenerative myopia was the first cause of visual disability. Interestingly in Argentina, where the prevalence of myopia is low, degenerative myopia is found to be the major cause of visual disability in middle-aged adult subjects. Population and clinical methods to avoid this preventable disease should need to be implemented as a matter of urgency.


Resumen Este trabajo estudia las causas de la discapacidad visual durante una década en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se presenta una serie de casos retrospectiva donde se revisó la base de datos de certificados de discapacidad visual emitidos por el Ministerio de Salud de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 2009 y 2017. En Argentina, la discapacidad visual se define como una agudeza visual ≤ 20/200 en el mejor ojo, o un campo visual correspondiente de menos de 20 grados en el ojo menos deteriorado. La base de datos incluyó las siguientes variables: año de emisión, edad, sexo y causa de la discapacidad visual. Entre 2009 y 2017 se certificaron un total de 7656 sujetos con ceguera legal. La edad media de la muestra fue de 57 ± 21 años y el 52.1% fueron mujeres. La distribución por edades mostró que el 62.8% de los certificados fueron dados a pacientes mayores de 50 años y que solo el 6.6% se otorgó a menores de 20 años. Las principales causas de discapacidad visual fueron la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) (15.5%), la miopía degenerativa (14.4%), el glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (11.3%) y la retinopatía diabética (6.6%). En los menores de 50 años, la miopía degenerativa fue la primera causa de discapacidad visual. Resulta interesante que, en Argentina, donde la prevalencia de miopía es baja, la miopía degenerativa sea la principal causa de discapacidad visual en adultos de mediana edad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Myopia/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Vision Disorders , Retrospective Studies
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 75(1): 6-10, Feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-750504

ABSTRACT

This study assessed optic disc size and cupping, using a commercially available ophthalmoscope, in order to show norms of these values for clinical practice. Subjects were office-workers referred from their respective workplaces for a routine medical examination, which included eye examination. The optic disc size was classified as small, medium or large, for having a diameter < 1.0, 1.0-1.5, or > 1.5 times (respectively) the diameter of the ophthalmoscope's selected light spot on the posterior pole. The cupping was classified as the ratio of the vertical cupping diameter and the vertical disc diameter on a relative decimal scale from 0.0 to 1.0.This study included 184 subjects with a mean age of 40.5 ± 9.5 years; 149 (81%) were males. Their mean ocular pressure was 12.4 ± 1.5 mmHg (range 10-17 mmHg). There was a high correlation between optic disc sizes and cupping in the right and left eyes (Pearson Correlation r = 0.866, p < 0.001); therefore, for simplicity only the data for right eyes are presented. According to our definition, the optic discs in these eyes comprised 27 (14.7%) small, 141 (76.6%) medium and 16 (8.7%) large. The small optic discs were rarely cupped, and the large optic discs were always cupped. Optic disc cupping greater than 0.7 was rarely found and should be suspect of glaucoma. Clinical doctors should be aware of this and refer those subjects with abnormal cupping to the specialist.


Este estudio fue concebido para desarrollar normas clínicas sobre el tamaño y la excavación de la papila usando un simple oftalmoscopio en una población emétrope sin glaucoma. Los sujetos fueron oficinistas enviados al Centro Médico San Luis para un chequeo general de salud que incluye el examen oftalmológico. El tamaño de la papila o disco óptico fue clasificado en tres diámetros (pequeño, mediano y grande) comparando con el tamaño de la proyección retinal de la luz de un oftalmoscopio de bolsillo. La excavación papilar fue clasificada como la relación entre el diámetro horizontal de la excavación y el diámetro horizontal de la papila en escala decimal de 0.0 a 1.0. El estudio incluye 184 sujetos (edad media de 40.5 ± 9.5 años) y 149 (81%) fueron varones. Su presión ocular promedio fue de 12.4 ± 1.5 mmHg (entre 10-17 mmHg). La correlación tanto de los tamaños de disco óptico como de su excavación, fue alta entre ambos ojos (Correlación de Pearson, r = 0.866, p < 0.001) de modo que se presentan solamente datos de los ojos derechos. Según nuestra definición de tamaños papilares hubo 27 (14.7%) papilas pequeñas, 141 (76.6%) medianas y 16 (8.7%) grandes. Las papilas pequeñas rara vez tuvieron excavación y las grandes estuvieron siempre excavadas. Fue raro hallar papilas ópticas con una excavación mayor a 0.7, las que deberían hacer sospechar una lesión por glaucoma. Los clínicos avezados en oftalmoscopia deberían tener esto en cuenta para referir los sujetos con excavaciones grandes al especialista para su estudio oftalmológico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Eye/anatomy & histology , Optic Disk/anatomy & histology , Age Factors , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Organ Size , Ophthalmoscopes/standards
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 73(3): 207-212, jun. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-694766

ABSTRACT

Modern cataract surgery by phacoemulsification is a widely accepted procedure with a rapid recovery time. The prescription of specific intraocular lens, implanted during surgery, makes it possible to anticipate whether the patient will need reading glasses after the procedure. The present study analyses a sample of cataract surgery patients to show the frequency of myopic shifts related to nuclear opacity, which can result in clear near vision before surgery. A non-selected sample of consecutive patients who underwent elective cataract surgery in a private clinic was studied retrospectively. The myopic shift in refraction was assessed by comparing the old prescription with the spectacle correction at the time of interviewing.The mean age of the 229 subjects studied was 71.5 ± 10.4 years (109, 47.6%, males). A myopic shift in refraction, defined as at least - 0.5 diopters, was present in 37.1% of subjects (95% CI: 30.8%-43.4%). The mean change in refraction in these subjects was -2.52 ± 1.52 diopters. The percentage of subjects who had developed a myopic shift was significantly greater in those who presented greater nuclear opalescence. There were also differences in the mean myopic shift by refractive group, with the emmetropes having the greatest myopic shift. In this study of patients seeking cataract surgery in a clinical setting, more than one third had myopic shifts in refraction. This must be taken into account in order that patients maintain the benefit of clear near vision after surgery.


La cirugía moderna de facoemulsificación del cristalino tiene una recuperación muy rápida. La elección correcta del lente intraocular que se coloca en la cirugía permite, muchas veces, anticipar si el paciente va a precisar anteojos luego de la cirugía. Este estudio analiza una muestra de pacientes con catarata, mostrando la frecuencia relativa de cambios miópicos que permiten a los pacientes ver de cerca sin lentes antes de la cirugía. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente una serie de pacientes consecutivos que realizaron cirugía electiva de catarata. El cambio refractivo miópico fue documentado comparando las prescripciones antiguas con la medición subjetiva al momento del estudio. Los sujetos fueron agrupados de acuerdo a la presencia o ausencia de cambios miópicos, y se estudiaron las proporciones con respecto a su grado de opacidad nuclear. La edad promedio de los 229 sujetos estudiados fue de 71.5 ± 10.4 años, 109 (47.6%) varones. Se halló un cambio miópico, definido como un cambio mayor de - 0.5 dioptrías, en 85 (37.1%, IC95%: 30.8-43.4%). El porcentaje de sujetos con cambio miópico fue significativamente mayor en aquellos que tenían mayor opacidad nuclear al tiempo del examen. En este estudio de pacientes no seleccionados que buscaban realizar cirugía de catarata, más de un tercio tuvo cambios miópicos en la refracción. Si el paciente lograba ver bien de cerca antes de la cirugía, esto debería ser tenido en cuenta a la hora de elegir un correcto lente intraocular para que el sujeto no pierda este beneficio de la catarata.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cataract Extraction/statistics & numerical data , Cataract/epidemiology , Myopia/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Cataract Extraction/standards , Lenses, Intraocular , Myopia/surgery , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 62(2): 141-4, 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1165115

ABSTRACT

This investigation searched for the relationship between amount of nearwork, asthenopic symptoms and visual function, in a group of office workers engaged in telemarketing. Phoria, monocular accommodative facility with +/- 2 lens flippers and near point of convergence were measured in 100 office workers (mean age 21 +/- 2.6 years) whose uncorrected visual acuity was 20/30 or better. Daily hours of reading hard-copy and of computer use, and the level of asthenopic symptoms, were measured using a questionnaire. In this sample, telemarketers were involved 5.84 +/- 2.02 daily hours in computer use, and 2.87 +/- 2.13 daily hours in reading. The following asthenopic symptoms were present twice or more times in a week: headaches 16


, pain in the eyes 17


. An association was found between the amount of hours using computers and red eyes (chi 2 = 4.4, p = 0.0359) or blurred vision (chi 2 = 8.35, p = 0.0038). And also between deficit of convergence and headaches (chi 2 = 4.3313, p = 0.0374) or red eyes (chi 2 = 3.6416, p = 0.0564). No other associations could be found between the accommodative facility test results, the near point phoria, and the amount of nearwork or the asthenopic symptoms. In conclusion, computer use in telemarketing is associated with few asthenopic symptoms. Near point of convergence should be routinely measured, as it is associated with some asthenopic symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Visual Acuity , Asthenopia/etiology , Computer Terminals , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Asthenopia/diagnosis , Convergence, Ocular/physiology , Accommodation, Ocular/physiology
5.
In. Academia Nacional de Medicina; Federación Médica Venezolana. X Congreso Venezolano de Ciencias Médicas: memoria; vol. 2. s.l, Miguel Angel García, mayo 1987. p.917-22.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-54102
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